.::: FLTI :::.

Ukraine - April 3, 2014

faces an iron alternative

EITHER IT STAYS AS A COLONY UNDER IMPERIALIST TUTELAGE OR A SOVIET, SOCIALIST AND INDEPENDENT REPUBLIC

OUT with the IMF, MAASTRICHT and NATO!

Out of Ukraine and Crimea Putin’s counterrevolutionary white troops! Putin is US imperialism minion and up to recently, he was repaying faithfully the external debt to the IMF together with his crony Yanukovich!

For the restoration of the dictatorship of the proletariat under revolutionary and soviet forms in Ukraine, the former Eastern Block, Russia and all the former USSR republics!

By Carlos Munzer

Ukraine is blowing up in its default; the weakest link in the chain of imperialist control of the colonies and semi colonies in Eastern Europe becomes dislocated and drowned by the crisis.

Since December 2013, Ukraine has entered a virtual default, submitted to the IMF by an external debt amounting USD 65 billion, of which 13 billion are due this same year. Estimations place Ukraine’s total debt about USD 140 billion in the long term, which represents an 80 per cent of its GNP.

From the ‘90s, when it got its “independence” along the disintegration of the former USSR, Ukraine has not been able to recreate a national market, something that it could not attain along the whole of its existence, save when it federated with the FSSR/USSR of Lenin and Trotsky in 1921-1922. After that time it became a part in that jail of oppressed nations over which Stalinism settled down in the “Great Russia”.

As it does not have a national market comprising its territory, Ukraine cannot structure a labor division within its national borders. From this point of view, its insertion into the world economy labor division and particularly in Europe, has taken the form of a productive chain with Russia, looking east, or towards Maastricht’s Europe, which it is linked to with thousands of economic and finance relationships, looking to the West,

Eastern Ukraine, with its huge steelworks and coal mines in the so-called “Russophile” area in the Donbas region (the basin of the river Don) produces for the Russian military complex with obsolete machines that come from the epoch of the former USSR. Ukrainian coal mines are part of the biggest ones in the world; notwithstanding that, the heavy industry in Eastern Ukraine needs importing energy and natural gas, which makes it totally dependent from the trading business and its economic relationship with Russia.

On the other hand, Ukrainian west looks at and has structural links with imperialist Europe. From Ukraine’s capital, Kiev (or Kyiv) the finances are controlled collected through the commissions for the transport and the payment of the rights of circulation of the gas that flows along the three pipelines that cross Ukraine from Russia, supplying the 100% of the energy used by the eastern European nations as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Rumania, etc., and the 30 % of the gas consumed by imperialist Europe. Gazprom, the Russian corporation, performs this supply together with its European partners, as German BASF, Eo.N, Siemens, the French Gaz-de-France and Total, the Italian ENI, etc.

From this point of view, Ukraine is a thoroughfare for the Russian gas, essential for the functioning of the productive processes of the European imperialist powers.

Russia is presented as a main “arms exporter”. Nobody would deny that. For this activity the new Russian bourgeoisie takes advantage of the old military-industrial complex of the former USSR. But to say this alone is telling half the truth. The Russian military-industrial complex works thanks to the high technology sold to it by France, Germany and in a lesser proportion, the US; which has been now exposed by the present crisis in Ukraine, showing the big deals in state-of-the-art military technology that Maastricht Europe has signed with Russia. We could say that Russia, for its military industry, depends upon French and German technology.
At the same time, Russia is essentially an exporter of commodities as gas and oil. Imperialist Europe has been sucking from decades the Russian gas, oil and other riches, and Putin and his bourgeois cronies take a big slice of the oil and gas rent due to the exports performed. Europe is in this way imbricate, from Portugal to the Russian steppes, under the command of the imperialist powers, upon which Russia depends from the financial and technological point of view, and for the placement of its raw materials.
The “Great Russian” bourgeoisie, as a junior partner of the imperialist cartels and MNCs in the arms industry, in the extraction of gas and oil, maintains as a legacy of the former USSR, a complex, though it is now in most part obsolete, of an industry that allows it to dispense with some imports, and for that it goes on oppressing small republics and regions, which are submitted to it as part of a common national market that was.

Germany is the great deliverer of the Russian gas all over Europe. It needs to keep the status quo with Russia, which it is sucking its energy. Though, at the same time Germany needs to control and weaken Russia because its dependence upon the Russian energy is risky. The opportunity appeared for Germany with Ukraine and its default, which allowed the former and imperialist Europe to expand their borders so as to touch the very same Russia, and control directly all the gas pipelines that come to Berlin and Frankfurt.

In its turn, USA is the big creditor, as we’ll see later, of the Eastern Europe submitted by the IMF as ransacked colonies, and ultimately, the States are from Wall Street, the last-instance usurer for the European second-class imperialists that are ruined and deeply indebted after their banks went to bankruptcy with the 2008 crac.

Ukraine is a key, however weakest, link of that chain of labor division that unites the Russian sources of gas and oil with the rest of Europe. Ukraine is a key link. There the capitalist gags, those that look to the east as well as those that look to the west, from the fall of the USSR in the ‘90s and the revival of an “independent” Ukraine, are at each other throats for the control of Kiev, because there the commissions (and grafts, NT) are collected for the transit of the gas, and the finances are dealt with.
That finance center of Kiev is now and has been since the ‘90s the bone of contention of the native bourgeois fractions that in some stances negotiated with Russia and in the next with imperialist Europe, selling themselves in each opportunity to the highest bidder, i.e., to that who gave them the juiciest commissions for the control of the toll barrier in the passing through of the gas pipelines.

On the other hand, the tragedy of the capitalist restoration has made the agrarian question to retreat, leaving the famous “black soils” of great fertility, in the hands of the big grain MNCs, as the Monsanto, etc., and of a very rich “native” oligarchy (the true Ukrainian farmers lack credit and supplies and get only poor and second-class harvests, NT).
The 90% of the Ukrainian territories consist of a flat sliding towards the Black and Azov Seas. The tillable lands comprise 48,6 billion hectares. From there food and fodder are exported to China and all the countries in Eastern Europe. The production of wheat, barley, corn and now soybeans for the world market, which leaves an agrarian rent of USD 20 billion yearly has created a new agrarian oligarchy directly linked to Monsanto, Cargill, the London Stock Exchange (“the City”) and Wall Street.

The burst of the Ukrainian crisis has already broken the status quo and the stability all through Europe and worldwide. It is because Ukraine having a very big external debt has entered in default, ceasing its repayments to its great creditor that is USA through the IMF. The only status that USA allows Ukraine to have is that of a colony under its tutelage in order to collect the debts the latter has contracted, with the former being its usurer. Maastricht Europe wanted to control Ukraine having it as a “partner republic”, that is, as a vassal colony.

What has now been opened is a scrambling for Ukraine between the EU and USA, for catching the upper hand, controlling it and being the deliverer of the businesses. Putin tells them: “don’t leave me behind!” and so is showing that he is able to be the gendarme to crush the proletariat were it to stage an upheaval, not only in Ukraine but also in Russia and the rest of Eurasia.

US imperialism knows that by means of the Ukrainian slave-labor, the reconversion with high technology of the coal mines and steelworks that are profitable, and the closing up of those unprofitable, the appropriation of the fertile lands and the control of the gas pipelines –which could allow it to collect commissions from the whole Europe- it would be repaid with a juicy retribution the fraudulent external debt that in late ‘80s it imposed on all the former worker states with the capitalist restoration, and so it would be better situated to recolonize even “Great Russia”.

Only from this point of view one could understand the positions of the European imperialist powers and USA before Ukraine.

For USA, the usurer, the creditor, Ukraine has to be taken now with the help of NATO so it can be repaid the debts by means of pillaging all Ukrainian riches; meanwhile, the EU thinks that it is necessary to discuss against Russia taking measures to pressure Putin so he retreats in Ukraine, but maintaining the status quo under different forms, allowing Russia some kind of political intervention in the businesses of Eastern Europe and making him some economic concessions here and there. But for the EU, Ukraine has also no other way than being a colony, but this time under the tutelage of France and Germany.

In his trip to Europe, Obama has said to all the EU powers. “Ukraine reminds us that the price of freedom is not gratuitous”. US imperialism is not willing to allow Germany and France to continue their huge business with Russia selling it high military technology and at the same not paying their part of the funds for the working of NATO, which is under the UK-US command. US is not at all willing to let France continue selling Russia Mistral state-of-the art helicopter-carriers with helicopters and equipment, even sharing the secrets of the technology with its client, associated to the Russian military complex for USD 6 billion, and even less to let Germany training and equipping 30,000 Russian soldiers yearly in a war simulator of high technology (the program “Soldier of the future”, NT), without putting a dollar in NATO.

Only from this point of view one could understand the positions of the European imperialist powers and USA before Ukraine.
For USA, the usurer, the creditor, Ukraine has to be taken now with the help of NATO so it can be repaid the debts by means of pillaging all Ukrainian riches; meanwhile, the EU thinks that it is necessary to discuss against Russia taking measures to pressure Putin so he retreats in Ukraine, but maintaining the status quo under different forms, allowing Russia some kind of political intervention in the businesses of Eastern Europe and making him some economic concessions here and there. But for the EU, Ukraine has also no other way than being a colony, but this time under the tutelage of France and Germany.

USA as the dominant imperialist power demands to be who heads and distributes the businesses in Eastern Europe and even Russia.
Placing NATO as the “guarantor” of the Ukrainian “independence” against Russia is not only a blackmail against Putin in order to discipline its (US’s. NT) agent but also against all the European powers so that they submit themselves to the dominant imperialism. In his trip to Europe, Obama told the EU to end its energetic dependency from Russia, if the EU countries really want to re colonize it. Meanwhile he also told them: “if you want US oil it will be more expensive than the Russian one” unless the EU leave aside the “ecological rules” that the European oil companies dispute the world businesses with, and perform their own shale fracking in European territory to have gas as US is doing presently.

Meanwhile, all of them together are threatening Russia with the world isolation. Putin has taken Crimea, as we’ll see later. For imperialism, so far, in the negotiation with Russia to make it leave Ukraine alone, this peninsula is not a key spot. In fact, it has ceded it to Putin. That means to leave to Russia the control of one of the three gas pipelines that go through Crimea. They have left a small slice to their agent, but in exchange of leaving Ukraine for good.

If we consider things from the point of view of the world division of labor and the place of Ukraine in it, Russia is which has been deprived of its part of the business in Ukraine. Imperialism goes for all. It has sent to bankruptcy and imposed “Versailles-like Treaties” to the minor imperialist powers that lost the trade race in Europe, as Greece, Spain, Portugal, Ireland, etc.

The Russian troops have been deployed along the eastern borders of Ukraine. They demand a federate Ukraine, with Eastern-Ukraine having linguistic-political-trading autonomy. At the same time, Putin, minion of imperialism, is negotiating to be him and his troops those in charge of crushing and massacring any revolutionary uprising of workers in Ukraine and any of the former soviet republics. They are threatening (in words, NT) with pro-Russian upheavals in Donetsk, Kharkov and Lugansk, for imposing the federative policy, manipulating the feelings of the masses who effectively will be sacked and end unemployed, because what the IMF is preparing in that zone is the reconversion of the metal and steelworks and coalmines of Ukraine, closing all of them that are unprofitable and “restructuring” the rest (that is, laying-off the “redundant” labor. NT). Well, Putin is not against it. He only demands to be taken into account when distributing the businesses.

What Russia is doing is struggling to keep its old “national market” that includes Eastern Ukraine, completely integrated to the Russian division of labor. So that Russia is struggling for… not being maimed. Is Russia imperialist? Czarist Russia fought against Japan to reign over Far East Pacific islands. Allied with Great Britain and France in the 1WW it fought to take Poland and the entire Ottoman Empire… including old Persia, that today would be Iraq and Iran (and part of Afghanistan, NT). The… “Great Russia” … of today fights so that nobody cuts it the arms and hands of its “national market”. Putin does have “imperial dreams”, but the result is a Russia advancing ever more to be a semi colony, encircled by imperialism after the capitalist restoration of 1989.

In 1989 with the blowing up into pieces of the former USSR, Russia was maimed of dozens of republics and nations with which it had structured a common production and market. Those who speak of an “imperialist” Russia keep quiet about this rare “imperialist country” that lost all the republics that previously it oppressed. Only for giving a single example, in Central Asia Russia los Kazajstan, Kyrgizia, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, etc., were it was left with military bases associated to UK and US for covering the back to the imperialist troops that invaded Afghanistan. Russia also lost the Caucasus, for example Georgia, and also Armenia and Azerbaijan, which today are disputing on behalf of different imperialist powers, the territory of Nagorno Kharabaj. There is one of the biggest reserves of oil and gas in the planet (at the level of the Iranian ones), which is exploited and taken abroad by the BP, Chevron, BASF, etc., through one of the pipelines that crossing Georgia, (the Caspian Sea) and Ceyhan in Turkey goes to the Mediterranean from where it is distributed to Europe and at world level.

With Ukraine has been put into question a essential link of a chain, the gas thoroughfare that unites Russia to the entire EU, controlled up to now by the same (Russia and the EU, NT). Ukraine, despoiled and exploited by imperialism has been left with one of the worst paid labor movements of Europe, with wages of USD 300 a month and strangles by the gigantic external debt it has with the IMF, while the gas runs under their feet for a dime.

Ukraine means the bursting of the key link for the energy source of the entire Europe. It is the bursting of a link that cannot any more pay the imperialist looting. It is a blowing up, and that is what we were looking at during the last few months, of the political relationships among the fractions and the different Ukrainian bourgeois gangs, which reached a point where they cannot live any more side to side in the same country, because of their economic and market interests. This is what explains the sharp political crisis opened in the “top”, that is, the phenomenal crisis suffered by the government of Yanukovich, pulled apart by Russia and the EU, to see who was going to be the guarantor of the repayment of the external debt to the IMF and the US. In December Ukraine had already crashed against the underwater rocks of the crac and the default. Nothing could continue as before.

The Ukrainian crisis expresses the desperate situation of the masses, which do not bear any more to live as they have lived up to now. Before that situation, as is shown by the genesis and the provisory outcome of the Ukrainian political crisis that “beheaded” Yanukovich, the imperialist powers only acted in anticipation to an announced ending: either a revolution opened where the working class intervened unifying the masses of eastern and western Ukraine, or supported by the high layers of the petty bourgeoisie and the finance bourgeoisie of Kiev, imperialism cut the agony and took the entire Ukraine as is the case now, turning it into a colony under its tutelage and the “protecting” mantle of NATO. This relationship of forces imperialism not only wants to impose it to the Ukrainian masses, but also to the “Great Russia” that threatens with not allowing for such an humiliation and demands to go on being a partner in the business of the countries along which its gas pipelines run and which it needs for the functioning of its internal market, as is Eastern Ukraine.

For imperialism Ukraine must be a “new Georgia”, that thoroughfare for the pipelines originated in Azerbaijan and Nagorno Kharabaj towards Europe, crossing the Mediterranean Sea from Turkey, which distributes it.

Now the EU and USA want all of Ukraine. The world crisis started in 2008 is threatening with a new and ferocious round, as we’ll see later. Imperialism needs not only Ukraine, and the following is a serious conclusion that all the world proletariat must draw from the present events: imperialism needs to finish re colonizing Russia in the next period and taking all the Russian businesses, with the hydrocarbon and metal resources, from the European parts of the country up to the Siberian and Arctic steppes.

Ukraine is a step and a decisive link in that route for imperialism. US by means of Kerry’s trip in last February let now crystal clear who is the master in Ukraine, in a message that was not only addressed to Russia but also to US partners in Europe… the master is the creditor, i.e., USA and NATO. As soon as USA stepped on Ukrainian soil, it took all the golden reserves of Kiev and locked them within the FED (yes! The US Federal Reserve! NT) US imperialism has told its minion, Mr. Putin, that from now on his “services are no more needed” in Ukraine.

For the time being Russia is neither a colony nor a semi colony. It is a capitalist country, which depends upon imperialism and the capitalist world economy for developing even its production in entire branches of its industries. Russian bank system coexists with the big imperialist banks as the Citibank Group, the HSBC, the Deutsche Bank, the Bundesbank, etc. To name only Germany; this country has 6,000 enterprises in Russia with direct investment for 25 billion Euros. But even now, Russia is not a colony, not even a semi-colony, as we had underscored above, because from a political point of view, it maintains still now a relative independence from the imperialist powers with which it negotiates its place as a guardian of the property of everyone of them in Eurasia, and still takes advantage of the military industrial complex of the old Soviet industry.
Many imperialist coups, counterrevolutionary blows, cracs and economic strangling are still necessary to re colonize countries as Russia or china, and over all, it is necessary for that some wars, either direct or proxy ones, to colonize them.
As we will see in this work, the world imperialist system -which for the moment is breathing alleviated because the treacherous leaderships of the proletariat have put off the fires of revolution-, in order to reconstitute historically its rate of profit, must begin to produce at a great scale destructive forces of high technology and robotics, which would not be utilized by production for ending with wage-slavery, but for destruction, as the drones, the optics, state-of-the art weaponry and equipment, the osprey, the war simulators of technological wars, etc. Well, for imperialism the time has came for new low intensity wars, massacres to the masses and the revolutions as we see today in Syria, so as to start destroying them and make flourish again the military industry with new war of high technology. That is, imperialism can only go out of its terminal crisis and reconstitute its rate of profit by developing destructive forces.

Today the reformists of the lackey left to the service of Wall Street keep silence about the massacre in Syria. There were used both conventional armament and WMD for massacring more than 300,000 exploited, and having 10 million displaced people and refugees in the refugee camps in the borders of Syria, in tents in the middle of the desert. This genocide against the proletarian revolution is only an advance pattern of what the imperialists are ready and need to do in order to get out of their crisis.

With the fall of the USSR in 1989 plus the political crises that preceded and followed it,

It has been established with clarity that Ukraine can only become a colony under the tutelage of imperialism, if the proletariat does not defeat it and advances towards a new socialist revolution

As we can see, since ’90-91, the “Ukrainian independence” has been but a chain of crises: busts, defaults, breaking of the payments chain and huge inter-bourgeois clashes for the grappling of the businesses. The lack of a Ukrainian “national market” is what makes impossible for bourgeois fractions to coexist peacefully and administer in common the State without destroying or annulling each other.

Both fractions, the eastern as the western ones, strangle together the forfeited Ukrainian proletariat who is effectively the only one having a genuine “national interest” that unites it all over the Ukrainian territory (as much as which unites it with the whole European working class): defeating imperialism and the IMF; expropriating the land from the hands of the new oligarchy linked to Monsanto, Cargill and their Kievan lackeys in order to have inexpensive wheat and bread. The proletarians are the only ones interested in putting an end to the slave-wages of USD 300 a month with which the bourgeoisie has submitted and continues to submit them in Ukrainian maquilas and using theirs as second class labor all over Europe. These are the chief slogans and the historic task poised to the colonized Ukraine, urgent tasks that can only be conquered, as was demonstrated categorically in ’21-’22, with the victory of the worker and soldier councils, as a soviet Ukraine.

Ukraine is in default. The situation is unbearable and insupportable among all the classes and class sectors of the society. A revolutionary situation was beginning to open between December 2013 and February 2014.

But the plans for Ukraine are not the same now for imperialism. Germany was trying to anticipate the bursting point, offering Ukraine a partnership, so before the default and the crisis, Europe had the upper hand to negotiate with the great bourgeois gang of the “oligarchs” liked to the business with Moscow; it was ready even to let Yanukovich stay in the government while imposing the country terrible conditions for taking Ukraine out of the default.

Putin appeared with 15 billions dollars as a guarantee to be able to go on business as usual. Though, as we have already said, USA, as creditor and usurer wanted to “take all” and put its paw on Ukraine with the threat of NATO.
What is left of a Ukraine looted by the bourgeois gangs associated with the great imperialist powers, we insist, is not an “independent Ukraine” but a colony of NATO and the EU, i.e., an endless decadency.

In case it was not enough, there are always the Russian weapons always ready to crush any proletarian revolution. As this is was Russia did in 2008 in Georgia. The workers rose up against Saakashvili, against his cruel plan of starvation and wage busting. The workers of South Ossetia, which was annexed to Georgia, wanted to flee from that starvation and unite with their brothers and sisters of North Ossetia that are federated to Russia (in the Russian Federation, NT). With the excuse of supporting that “comeback home” of South Ossetia, the Russian army entered the place and massacred the Georgian working class that was staging an uprising against the government, and left more than 5,000 dead in a country with only 3 million inhabitants.

Anyone that drives along the Caucasian roads or in former South Ossetia, can see that Putin’s promises of improving the life quality of the exploited were pure hot air; the only things one see are the same destroyed houses left so by the bombings of 6 years ago.
The Ukrainian workers know about this, due to the experience of Georgia and all their remembrances from being submitted to that jail of nations that “Great Russia” was under Czarism and afterwards under Stalin’s boot. (One may recall the Ukrainian mineworkers striking for soap and hygienic paper just before the USSR collapsed, NT).
This is what has allowed the Kievan bourgeoisie to display its “pro-European” demagogy before the masses. Though, the eastern workers, manipulated by Putin, know for sure that in Maastricht Europe they won’t have their jobs secure as currently they see million of slave workers suffering their same miseries in the streets of Madrid, Athens, Paris, Berlin, etc.

The betrayal of the leaderships of the European working class, as we’ll see later, is what favors at each step and guarantees the division of the Ukrainian proletariat, either submitting the whole European labor movement to imperialist Maastricht, or showing Putin as a “peoples’ liberator” when he supports genocidal individuals as al-Assad in Syria.

Ukraine arrived too late to nation building in the 19th century

The “independence” of Ukraine from the former USSR from the early’90s was no more than a fantasy, an illusion. Then, Ukraine was born as an “independent nation” undertaking the 17% of the huge external debt that Russia had built with the Citibank and the rest of the imperialist big banks, and was equally submitted to the latter two; it has a Russian military base that has guaranteed (and still guarantees) the circulation of the gas and oil pipelines across the Ukrainian territory to Germany and Europe in general, and is submitted to the “great Russian” bourgeoisie associated to imperialist Big Oil, as the French Total, the German BASF and the British BP, which (as stakeholders associated to Gazprom in different wells and camps, NT) extract gas and oil from the Russian steppes for supplying the entire Europe.

It was the heroic socialist revolution in 1917 that built the USSR, which gave in 1922 the right to self-determination, including its independence (separation). That soviet Ukraine decided voluntarily in 1922 federating itself to the soviet republics of the USSR. Thus, only as a socialist soviet republic, Ukraine could take in its hands its own destiny.

The tragic end of this historic process became later on with the expropriation of the October Revolution and the imposition of the “dark night” of Stalinism, which turned again the soviet republics into a jail of nations. Ukraine got again trapped inside it. The result of these developments was that after the capitalist restoration in 1989-90, the former worker states in Eastern Europe didn’t end at the same level as Germany and France, but as colonies under the tutelage of different imperialist powers.

In the’90s Ukraine “was born” with the legacy of the Chernobyl catastrophe, which decimated a big portion of its fertile soil and its population… Ukraine was born as a semi-colony and as a link in the business of the European imperialist big powers with Russia. It was born handing out all its nukes.

Ukraine as an “independent” bourgeois nation is a Utopia. Life has given its verdict. After the capitalist restoration in 1989 Ukraine has been 100% under the tutelage and the surveillance of the Russian troops on account of imperialism, directly commanded from the City in London and from the IMF. The new Yeltsinite Russian bourgeoisie was swimming in dollars in London and Monaco. From there the Russian gendarme was being monitored to control the firs steps of “independent Ukraine”.

In 2004, 2009 and as we see it today, Ukraine saw permanently successive crisis, social slumps, upheavals, clashes between bourgeois gangs, submission and super exploiting for the Ukrainian proletariat. Before and during the “orange revolution” in 2004, the technical default in 2009 and in the present crisis, different “pro-Russian” or “pro-European” governments were swept away, as those of Kuchma, Yanukovich, Yushenko-Timoshenko and again Yanukovich, all of them hated by the masses.

In short, Ukraine does not have a national market. The different Ukrainian bourgeois fractions (of which the essential one is imperialism that sacks it through the IMF, its agrarian rent and a cheap transit to Europe) doe not have a common anchorage in a national market. Moreover, due to the atrophy caused by its dependence upon the Stalinist former USSR (that Russified wide portions of its territory sending Russian people to live obligatorily in Ukraine, NT), Ukraine does not have even a universal language.
Strangled by the European banks and MNCs and submitted to the IMF, Ukraine has lost any remaining vestige of national independence.

Putin’s jackboot goes beyond the production in eastern Ukraine linked to the Russian military complex. Putin, a minion of imperialism, wants to keep his place as a guarantor of the “social peace” and the over-exploitation of the Ukrainian working class, and not only for the production in his (Russian, NT) military industrial complex, but also for guaranteeing the transit of the gas to European imperialists flowing from the Russian steppes.

The demands of the Ukrainian working class are the only thing that can unify the nation along all its borders, from east to west, to confront all its executioners, who have no fatherland, only businesses to defend

Once more the anti-Marxist charlatans blame the Ukrainian proletariat for the consequences of the treason by the leaderships of the European and world working class, though those leaderships are who really divide the proletarian ranks

We revolutionists affirm that only the Ukrainian working class has common interests and for that reason is the only “national class”. Today the proletariat “looks to Europe” or “to Russia”, upon the relationships between which most of their jobs depends. That is because they are earning starvation wages and millions of workers are emigrating to imperialist Europe or to Russia, and so the Ukrainian families are obligatorily divided. With 300 miserable dollars of an Ukrainian wage, one of the most exploited proletariats in Europe and the world has to live, both in the east and the west of the country.

The demand of earning in Euros the same as the West European workers earn is something that can really unify the entire working class and the exploited of the nation. For a wage of 2,000 or 2,500 Euros a month is a demand that could unify the entire working class in Ukraine and at the same time unites it with the proletarians of Eastern Europe, with that of the Maastricht imperialist powers and with the one in Russia, particularly.

This working class program is the starting point for conquering the break of the Ukrainian working class both with Putin, the minion of imperialism, and with the Kievan bourgeoisie and Wall Street.

The Ukrainian proletariat is the only class that has national interests from the east to the west of the country. When unifying its ranks throughout a class program, the working class would confront immediately all the bourgeois gangs in Ukraine, which are lackeys to imperialism, and to the “Great Russian” oppression of Putin and his genocidal militaries, minions of Wall Street. The proletariat, in order to be able to eat, needs to re-collectivize the land, breaking with imperialism. Those tasks can only be solved through seizing power, combining them with the directly socialist tasks.

The Ukrainian proletariat is the only one that has in its hands the only possibility of unifying the whole Ukraine with the demands: “Let[s break with the IMF and recover the richest lands of Europe” in order to eat in a dignified way. It is the only Ukrainian class that can be united with the “minimal” demand of a wage equal to the cost of living… but to achieve this it has to break with the bourgeoisie and expropriate all the gangs that subdue it to imperialism.
Only the working class, by seizing the power would solve these minimal tasks which are fundamental for Ukraine to be a real nation, combining them immediately with the expropriation of the bourgeoisie, of the new oligarchy and of imperialism, and retaking the struggle for restoring a independent and soviet Ukraine that will be a stronghold in the fight for the world socialist revolution in the East and the West of Europe. Only from here and from this immediate task that the Ukrainian proletariat has ahead –alongside the European proletariat generally- Ukraine, the states of Eastern Europe and the entire Europe (including the imperialist powers) would be able to free from the catastrophic capitalist crac and bankruptcy.

We the socialist revolutionist affirm once more that if the Ukrainian proletariat has not been able to unite its ranks, it is not due to the lack of immediate demands and necessities common to everybody in it that could unify its ranks. It is because the worker aristocracies and bureaucracies of the imperialist powers in Western Europe have cornered the European working class have prevented it from defeating the imperialist governments that have already since many years launched an attack along the whole line against the workers’ historic gains.

Those leaderships have closed the road for the heroic Greek revolution and for the uprisings of the Spanish, Italian and all-European working class. In 2009-2010 they affirmed that it was possible to smooth the “adjustment” and conquer a “more social Maastricht”, that is, they said that it was possible to “smooth” the brutal imperialist attack against the working class of their own countries, and over all against the proletariat of the oppressed nations of the Glacis (the old Warsaw Pact nations, NT) and Eastern Europe, where the big MNCs relocated their plants, creating the maquilas with which they enslaved the workers of those nations. Those leaderships, supporting the idea of a “more social Maastricht” allowed the IMF to act as agent and usurer on account of Wall Street and subdued with double and triple chains of pillaging and oppression the East of Europe.

Now, many of those “illustrated socialists” are complaining for the “backwardness and “division” of the Ukrainian proletariat. They guess: how can it be that the Ukrainian working class “has not intervened in this crisis in an independent Way?”… As is the position of the (Argentinean, NT) PTS and its “international” rubber-stamp the FT. If all the treacherous leaderships of the European proletariat told it that it was possible to “moderate” the attack of the imperialist powers in Europe and to “change Maastricht to socialism”, that is the European Union of the imperialist butcher… What could you expect now?

Another group are guessing: how can it be that the proletarians of eastern Ukraine want to be tied to Moscow? Let’s remember that in this crisis nobody defended the government of Yanukovich, as we’ll see later, and conditions abounded to unify the Ukrainian working class. Though, let’s speak clearly: all those lackeys to Wall Street, those traitors in the world social Forum were devoted to tell the entire world working class that al-Assad, Khadafy, Putin and the mandarins of the Chinese CP were allies of the proletarians and their struggle against imperialism.

It was the activity of the treacherous leaderships of the international proletariat and particularly of the European one, who strangles the Ukrainian working class and prevented it, for the moment, to intervene in a decisive and centralized way in the gigantic economic and political crisis in Ukraine.

Shameful traitors of the WSF gathered in Spain in 2010 convened alongside the fake Trotskyists to an alleged “European General Strike”. They called from the plenums of all the unions to march to Greece. Though for those social-treacherous parties and the union bureaucracies, the Eastern European workers are not “European”. For them, Europe ends in Germany, while for imperialism, its eastern “backyard” –Russian steppes included- is a key area for making its MNCs function with cheap energy and slave labor. The imperialist powers have filled with maquilas from Poland to Ukraine to Latvia, Belarus and the Balkans. This situation guarantees imperialism having cheap labor without bothering about labor rights or benefits; it uses those workers as casual and temporary labor in the metropolises and then sacks them and leaves them “free” to turn back to their destitution in the countries of origin.
The Rumanian workers of Dacia-Renault rose in 2009 to the cry “we want to earn the same as the workers of French Renault”.
It is necessary to expose the treacherous currents that where at their heads, because with those leaderships and the “anti-capitalist parties” looking the other side, the Rumanian, Hungarian, Latvian, etc., proletarians that were staging uprising in that year (2009) were left isolated from the Greek, French and West European working class in general … and it was a disaster for both the proletariat of the imperialist countries and that of the eastern European colonies.

Unless we start from here, from this historic vision of the last period of the class struggle in Europe, no conscientious worker would understand the limits and the submission that the Ukrainian proletariat is still suffering under the different bourgeois gangs that blackmail it, as does the pro-Russian bourgeoisie of eastern Ukraine, telling them that if they join the EU they will lose all their jobs, or as the Kievan clique does, manipulating the workers with the promise that thanks to the help of the IMF and Germany, they would “some day” earn as much as the workers of the French Renault.
Without this vision of the material and international conditions that qualify colonized Ukraine, no Marxist would be able to orient himself in a revolutionary sense before the enormous economic and political crisis open in that decisive link that Ukraine is in the chain of colonies and semi colonies that the European imperialistic powers and the IMF control eastwards.
Unless the Ukrainian working class goes central in the struggle for solving the national question, is its fighting is again expropriated by the bourgeoisie and Ukraine is subdued by double and triple chains by imperialism, the European proletariat will see all its gains quickly put in danger. This is what the entire European working class, and the Russian one particularly must understand.

The imperialist bankrupt of Wall Street and the world capitalist crisis of 2007-2008 drove to the blowup and a deep stagnation to Maastricht’s Europe and to a brutal crisis to the East Europe states.

In 2007-2008 crack is the genesis of the actual economical and political blowup, the default and the dislocation of Ukraine from the European work division.

Maastricht and Wall Street’s bankruptcy of 2007-2008 took as tsunami this crisis to the weak economies from the countries from Eastern Europe. This meant the blowup and default of the former workers states from East Europe.
When the URSS felt in ’89, all these states were strangled, as Latin America, by big foreign debts with IMF and the imperialist bank.
In 2009, after paying successive debts expiration, the east Europe countries had a break from almost 2 billion dollars. Occidental Europe also was set in fire: all the imperialist banks were at the edge of the crisis and the crack.
The chance of a generalized default in Easten Europe shook the broken Banks of the imperialist powers of Maastricht. It is that the 84% of the billion dollars that the Eastern states were debts contracted by the European imperialist banks. It was about a huge chain of robbery and looting of the financial capital, which went from the Russian steppes of Europe to Wall Street, going through Germany and all the imperialist powers. They had to des-synchronize the entrance of the Eastern proletariat with the western ones of Europe that at that time carried on huge battles against the attacks of the imperialist states in Greece, France, Italy, etc.

That’s why G-20 strengthened with IMF funds so that with usurer loans stop the default of these Eastern countries. U.S.A. appeared then as the great loan shark. That’s why today the US imperialism is the one who raises itself as great referee of the events of the East of Europe and the one that in the last stance will define the course of the events. The loan shark commands. That’s why, before the new events and as we already stated, in February Kerry travelled to Ukraine, he declared it “NATO land” and intimate Russia to stay in the border. The creditor took possession of Ukraine. And this one is again strangled, as yesterday in 2009, with leonine agreements with the IMF.

In 2009, Ukraine was the country that got hit the most by the crisis, even from the entire world. Its GDP already felt a 40%. The banks were broken and as in Argentina of 2001, a “corralito” was imposed that didn’t allow withdrawing the funds from the banks. Its currency was devalued 100%, what meant a massive default of the consumption credits and credit cards which payments were set in dollars. That’s how they made pay this crisis to the Ukraine working class.
But also this crisis went through the entire European East which had made uprisings and economical catastrophes as in Bulgaria, Slovakia and the Baltic countries as Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. On one side, Rumania could avoid the default: 20.000 million dollars from IMF loans saved it circumstantially. But all these countries of East Europe felt like a domino tied to the imperialism, to the international financial usury and the worst of the lootings, while imperialist Europe used them as sweat-shop with cheap and highly qualified work forces, re-placing factories there their transnational companies. The former worker states from the Eastern Europe became in that way not in “new capitalist paradises” but in new colonies or semi-colonies fully looted.

The imperialism policy of aiding Eastern Europe and its bankrupted countries, as we stated, wasn’t only an economical decision, but also politic. We must reaffirm that the panic of the financial capital was given by the latent danger that meant that the working class from Eastern Europe would upraise from the workshop of misery wages alongside their class brothers from imperialist Europe.

The events in Maidan Square started at the end of 2013, it can’t be addressed nor the crisis that means that the proletariat couldn’t intervene decisively with an independent action of masses, overcoming the bourgeois leadership that stopped them from defeating Yanukovich, without exposing the role that the treacherous leaderships from imperialist Europe played. These leaderships were enemies of earning the streets at the war cry of “the Ukrainian workers must earn as the French and German workers” in solidarity with their class brothers in Ukraine, when the Ukraine masses paralyzed and kept hanging the entire country for two months. Thus, day by day, the pro-European bourgeois fractions of Ukraine and their fake “nationalism” not less lackey of imperialism could stop that the exploited are the ones that solve on their favor the huge political crisis opened.

It was this treacherous policy of the European working class leaderships, we insist, the one that stopped the proletariat and the exploited masses from Ukraine to take advantage in their favor from this huge crisis from the ones on the top to dismantle the institutions of the bourgeois state, their parties and capitalist cliques and ending with the officers caste of the Ukraine army, lackey of IMF and Putin the butcher.

In 2008-2009 Ukraine burned in flames, as it is happening now. That crisis devoured the government of Timoshenko that had reached power with the “orange revolution” and this government only increased the kneeling of Ukraine to the imperialism at extreme rates.

US imperialism settled itself as the bosses of Eastern Europe and also as the usurer partner of Maastricht, granting loans of trash bonus to the imperialist powers in bankruptcy as Italy, Greece, Portugal and Spain. They were left as imperialist powers defeated in the commercial war and they had to pay great part of the debt and the fall of Wall Street. If this happened with the minor imperialist powers, let’s think what wouldn’t have happened with the colonies and semi-colonies of the former worker states of Eastern Europe. These countries from the east were left doubly and triply knelt to the imperialism.
For these years the sufferings of the masses became unbearable. The no coordination of the combats of the working class of Imperialist Europe and Eastern one was a true tragedy to the world working class.

Ukraine proletariat was left with a wage of 300 dollars, the lowest one from the entire Europe. Even then the huge migration of slave Ukraine workers to occidental Europe, was a palliative to the economical catastrophe of the Ukraine masses. It is that they sent part of their wages for their works in the imperialist powers for 800 or 900 dollars and that way it was kept an important part of the Ukraine working class. The crack and the economical crisis in Europe closed this foreign exchange circulation. Hundreds of thousands of Ukraine workers were left without work in Occidental Europe and in misery in Ukraine.

As we stated, they made pay the crisis to the Eastern workers. And it went also very bad to the Western Europe working class, knelt country by country to the slavery and the scourge of its own imperialist bourgeoisie. The European working class was not coordinated.
Through the IMF and the direct loans, U.S.A. thrown all their bones and papers without value form their financial oligarchy to the bankrupted powers of Maastricht, while they carried away the cold hard values of the entire Europe. The European governments and banks throw their crisis to the workers movement.
In Ukraine that meant that the government of Yanukovich, held by the whip of Putin, and the band of the three “oligarch” multimillionaire from Ukraine, kneeling it to IMF, overwhelmed the poor masses from the middle class and drove to a dead end of awful misery to the workers movement.

At the end of 2013 the conditions for a revolutionary uprising were ripe. The political crisis exploded and, because of treason of the leadership of the European proletariat, controlling them and kneeling Maidan Square at the foot of Obama and Maastritch, while Yanukovich and the gang of the “oligarch” blackmailed to keep the businesses of East Ukraine and that way split Ukraine. The “Russophile” proletariat from the east didn’t intervene in favor of Yanukovich, as he did against the “orange” uprising of Timoshenko, as we will later see. These were the conditions to forge the union of the working class. For now, and just for now, the working class couldn’t give a definitive answer to this matter.

But the lateness of the Ukraine working class, European and Russian in particular, in conquering the unity of their ranks is what allows Putin and the “great Russian” bourgeoisie to be able to manipulate again the proletariat from east Ukraine.
That way Ukraine has blown, as we state in this work, as the weakest link of the imperialist control in the east of Europe. The crisis is far from closed. The crack is here. The debt’s default is here. The “Great Russia” has been humiliated and driven to their borders... Putin tries to compensate taking over Crimea, but has already lost the main control of the gas pipelines that loot the Russian gas that goes through Ukraine. The imperialist powers sit in the table and has discussed, as they did in the meeting of EU and USA from the “Atlantic Agreement”, how they distribute the booty and how they hold their hetman Putin.

Yanukovich’s government, supported by Moscow, from 2010 to 2013 was the guarantee forthe IMF collection and of the enslavement of the Ukrainian working class

In 2010 Yanukovich’s government came to be a Bonapartist attempt, rising above other bourgeois factions to unify their businesses; towards east with Russia, towards west with their finances and the gas with the imperialist Europe, and with everyone as guarantors of the payment of the debt with the IMF and mainly with the US imperialism. Thus, by throwing the entire crisis to the masses’ movement and with more indebtedness with the IMF, Ukraine came that year out of the collapse.

This government of Yanukovich was settled, on the one hand, in the three most distinguished figures of the super-oligarchy of Ukraine, which controls its businesses in Eastern Ukraine and shares them in Kiev, and on the other hand, from the Russian side, by the butcher Putin.

The reconfiguration of the ruling classes in Ukraine, where capitalism was restored in 1989, only gave birth to a single anti-national class who has no fatherland and no flag, only businesses to make.
The capitalist restoration in Ukraine, with the outburst of the USSR, gave birth to a powerful class of businessmen coming from the old nomenclature of the Communist Party. In the 90's, they, with a single stroke, took the best lands and most important businesses in Ukraine.

This oligarchy has so much weight that in the same month of February while the Maidan Square was burning, the leader of the “opposition” that posed as “combative”, the boxer Vitali Klitschko, met with Rinat Akhmetov, the richest man in Ukraine and Putin agent, to discuss the steps to follow regarding the monumental crisis opened with the annexation of Crimea by Russia, after the escape of Yanukovich and his destitution from the government.

As an example, the mentioned Akhmetov, who dominates the production of steel and coal in Ukraine, and Dmytro Firtash, who is the leading figure in the chemical industry and production of electricity, have been the main sponsors of the Party of the Regions of the deposed Yanukovich.

Igor Kolomoisky, a banker and industrial tycoon, dedicates to forge short tactical alliances with different governments as it suits his businesses.
Yanukovich’s government was supported on this super-oligarchy, which exploited the working class to the extreme on account of the IMF and the European bankers.

In November 2013 the interests of the interests of a debt which is far fraudulent and looter of the nationbecame impossible to pay. The monitored Ukraine crashed against the submarine rocks of the world economic crisis, entering a monumental default and a new outburst of the debt as in 2009. Other countries of Eastern Europe, also as in 2009, are suffering the strangulation and default as Moldavia, Bosnia, the Baltic countries. This threatens to spread to the entire Eastern Europe.

But this time imperialism is already coming for everything. The international financial oligarchy has done the math and has come to the conclusion that there isn’t other direct way to collect the debt of the countries looted by the international loan sharks than to keep, as it happened in Latin America in the 90s, all the infrastructure, natural riches and companies that can guarantee imperialism a steady income to collect in assets their financial debt.
That’s why it isn’t enough to the European imperialism, the US and the IFM to count in Ukraine on a government that pays their debt. They need to keep all Ukraine, its lands and companies, which they will mercilesslylead to bankruptcy if they are loss-making, as the ones in the Ukrainian east. But above all, the imperialist powers need to keepdirect control of the gas pipelines and the gas. In these conditions it is cynical and deceitful to claim that an “independent and democratic Ukraine” can emerge, when it is being transformed into a monitored colony to impose it extreme conditions of looting and enslavement. Or, transformed into a fragmented colony with its eastern sector monitored and oppressed by the “Great Russia” and used as blackmail for the businesses of the Moscow corrupt and bloodthirsty bourgeoisie.
Without expropriating the capitalists and without a new revolution to restore the dictatorship of the proletariat under revolutionary ways, as we already said, it is impossible to solve the Ukrainian national issue.
These deep processes of the brutal crisis of the productive forces and the outburst of the colonized Ukraine, oppressed by the “Great Russia” on account of imperialism and the IMF, were the ones that underlay in the background of the monumental political crisis that opened in December 2013 against the hated government of Yanukovich, IMF agent.
Without departing from these international conditions of Ukraine’s character and its relationship with the world market, and its place as a national state that hasn’t been able to and won’t be independent on the capitalist framework, it will be impossible for every advanced worker to understand the political convulsion that shook Ukraine and the entire Europe the last months.

The last days of Yanukovich’s government

The foreign debt of Ukraine, as we've seen, doubled in late 2013. The IMF, monitored by USA, as creditor, wanted to be sure and demanded Yanukovich for guarantees of the payment of the foreign debt, as it has been faithfully doing so far.
But the Ukrainan treasury was empty. Yanukovich government started a negotiation with the European Union to get loans with which to pay the foreign debt to the US and the IMF. Maastricht, mainly Germany, saw his lackey was in crisis and imposed to open the businesses and customs in order to get aid to pay to the IMF. In fact, they wanted to impose to Ukraine a free trade agreement. Furthermore, Germany and Bundesbank demanded Yanukovich to attack resolutely the masses by increasing the prices of gas and food, previos to any discussion about a loan.

Yanukovich’s government was winning in this way the hatred of all the masses in Ukraine. The European imperialism and the IMF used Yanukovich as a “squeezed lemon” to collect Ukraine’s debt. Once the lemon had no more juice, they threw it away.
For Yanukovich the pact with the imperialist Europe and Germany meant having to deal and go towards a direct clash with the hungry and desperate masses, and he no longer had for it any social base in any sector of the masses.
Russia offered Yanukovich to grant him 15 billion dollars to pay the IMF the fraudulent foreign debt and reduce 30% the price of gas. This would allow Yanukovich’s government to have more time to redouble its attack against the working class and the exploited, and pay imperialism on time.

Yanukovich, as we saw, didn’t have social base in the working class of the east of Ukraine linked to the production of the Russian military apparatus either. Not even there was he credible. He came from leaning on the EU to try to attack the masses.
His government was hanging by a thread. It only had to be pulled.

The bourgeoisie of the Maidan Square that restrained the independent burst of the masses and in the entire Ukraine, tried to saved him, by signing a government of national unity on February 21st. But it was already late. If this continued not even in the Maidan Square or throughout Ukraine the violent burst of the working class and the masses’ movement could have been restrained.

Yanukovich’s decline also meant the decline of the shared control of Ukraine by Russia with the imperialist bank. Russia had to move to the eastern border. The slogan was: “All Ukraine for the IMF, US and the imperialist Maastricht”.

Ukraine and the rebellion of Maidan Square: a revolutionary situation… and a revolution that could not develop

The emergence of a bourgeois fraction that comes early to a masses insurrection against the hatred Yanukovich and drags the masses to the EU

In the late 2013 a revolutionary situation started in Ukraine. The objective conditions in Ukraine were more than matured for the begining of the revolution. As Lenin stated: it was clear that “those from the top” could not keep rulling peacefully and “those from the bottom” did not want to be domained as always, tired out of the huge sufferings and imposed sufferings.
Ukraine is in the middle of social crisis and huge economic bankruptcy. As we posed before, starvation, misserable wages of 300 dollars, over exploitation, inflation were the conditions of misery that the lackey of imperialism called Yanukovich, together with Putin, imposed to the Ukranian masses.
For Lenin, for a revolution became and not just a revolutionary situation, these objective conditions must be combined with an independent mass action. This happens at the begining of every revolution; such independent mass’ actions leave the bourgeois state in a serious crisis. We saw this in Libya in 2011, the Khadafist army was disarmed and destroyed. We also saw it in Syria when masses conquered arms after overcoming the limits of the pacifist actions imposed by the Muslim religios men after the prays, and after breaking the rank and file soldiers of the murderous army of Al-Assad. We saw it in Tahrir Square in Egytp overthrowing Mubarak’s government, as well as in Tunisia with the revolutionary overthrowing of Ben Ali. The same happened in Argentina in 2001, Bolivia 2003 and at the begining of revolutions where masses acted with their idependent actions. These revolutions are great victories of the masses. The paradox is that because of the crisis of leadership, the working class and exploited people end up giving the power back to their enemies, who try to expropriate them, making them go back or be led to a blood bath.
In Ukraine the bourgeoisie, perceiving this situation objectively revolutionary, anticipated and based on the middle classes and manipulating a fake “antionalist” feeling, it canalize the right aspirations of a sector of the masses and their anger agaisnt Yanukovich and the butcher Putin. In this way they could content the independn mass action and as we posed before they attempted to canalize the political crisis setting up a government of “national unity” or a pact with Yanukovivh.
The “nationalist” bourgeoisie fractions nor the pro-European bourgoisie fractions of Kiev have never dared to call the masses to unify to tear down Yarnukovich’s government, to defeat the countrerevolutionary clash forces and end up with the officer caste of the Ukranian army, so lackey and manager of Putin whip as well as the thumb of imperialism. The bourgoisie will never move the masses, neither arm them and they would never call to defeat and destroy the officer caste of the bourgoisie army becuase they know if they do it it will risk their own power and property before the call which opressed. The agenda of the bourgoisie was to occupy Maidan Square with the social base they controlled, even with neo-fascist militias to prevent the worker movement to uprise independently. It was in-extremis action so the pendulum of the negotiation with Russia which Yarnukovich was next to, came back the EU. The government which emerged from Maidan Square was a pact government with Yanukovich which was quickly dissolved because if it kept alive, this link of connections and expropiation of teh revolution of the Ukranian masses who were uprising, this would have smash as a card castle.

The proof of this enormous anger which the Ukrainian government had in 2013 is that, unlike 2004, during the "orange revolution" led by Tymoshenko against Kuchma and his candidate Yanukovich, the Eastern working class carried on massive general strikes in defense of the latter ones, this time, it did not. I was expectant. The whip Putin and Yanukovych, under the command of IMF, was what make closer the masses to the imperialist European Union.

Trotsky posed in his work "The Ukrainian question" in 1939 that it was Stalin’s boot and the oppression of the "Great Russia" on Ukraine, which strengthened the nationalist movement that pushed Ukraine into the arms of Hitler.
This is the contradiction that allows us to understand why the bourgeoisie could anticipate and control the mass movement, and bring the pendulum of events to the agreement with the EU, without bursting a revolution with an independent mass action. The exploited ones ran way from Putin.

The crisis is not closed. There are even today vulgar "democrats" and talkative journalists from Le Monde and French imperialism, who talk about a "new spring of peoples" in Ukraine. They are chatters. Neither the bourgeoisie nor its nationalist party of Maidan Square, marched the masses and pushed into the fight, and they never intended to defeat the institutions on which the repressor Yanukovich and the three oligarchs who rule the government was based on Ukraine. The bourgeoisie of the Maidan Square gave a new rope to hang the people and the Ukrainian nation, under the orders of IMF and Putin. Therefore, we insist, the crisis is not closed.

The bourgeoisie in the middle of a huge crisis on the top and in the middle of disputes between the bourgeois, marked by a great economic crash, took the lead into an independent action of the masses who openly began to take the streets, as it happened in 20 February which resulted in 47 killed by repression of Yanukovich.
When the danger became apparent, both the European imperialist powers such as U.S. and Yanukovich himself and immediately pushed a pact and agreement to close the crisis on the top.

We insist, after weeks of camping in Maidan Square, it began to develop, with great layers of the exploited masses, the possibility that it is the working class the one breaking out in a political crisis as the only truly national class-, leading all the exploited masses into independent historical action, giving an output to Ukraine and solving the oppressed national aspirations. It is the working class is the only class that is not bound by any interest imperialism.

The bourgeoisie threatened by the perspective of the independent uprise of the masses, it closed their ranks and gaps in the top. Under the orders of Kerry and NATO, they all signed a national unity pact on February 21, 2014, establishing that they would form a transitional government and called early elections for May this year, supervised by observers from NATO.
On February 22 Yanukovych was removed by Parliament. Imperialism, after using his as a "squeezed lemon" to attack the masses, it throw him away. No government in which Yanukovich was there could be presented to the masses as a "legitimate" government, because as we said, he was hated by the masses. A day after, the parliament assigned as an interim president Alexandr Turchinov, who belongs to pro-European bourgeoisie wing. The EU and U.S. were willing to keep with the entire Ukraine and banish Putin from his control.

The last chapters of the Ukrainian revolution have not even begun to be written. We are facing the preface. But this book will contain the chapters that demonstrate that the Ukrainian revolution is inseparable from the struggle for the restoration of the dictatorship of the proletariat under revolutionary ways in the former USSR and its extension to the entire imperialist Europe.

Carlos Munzer